The Status of Opinions-Prevalence in the Juristic Methodology of Ayatollah Boroujerdi

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy, University of Jahrom, Iran, Email: Mahdavi.mnsr@gmail.com.

Abstract

Received: 2023 May 2  |   Recieved in revised form: 2023 Jul 18   |   Accepted: 2023 Sep 9   |   Published: 2023 Oct 23
In Islamic juristic methodology (Ijtihād), opinions-prevalence (Shuhrah) serves multiple functions and therefore, evaluating such prevalence is of great importance. There are various aspects to the ijtihād of Ayatollah Boroujerdi including shuhrah. This article aims to outline the components and steps of ijtihād according to Ayatollah Boroujerdi's perspective, based on his works, the recounts of his students, and related sources. Notably, some of these components have been formally incorporated into the ijtihād of Shitte jurists for the first time. Additionally, the significance of shuhrah will be explored within the ijtihād framework and in relation to consensus (Ijmā), and the sayings of the Prophet (Hadīths). It is worthy of note that shuhrah may be preferred over ijmā in certain exigencies and circumstances, according to Boroujerdi.

Mahdavi, M. (2023) The Status of Opinions-Prevalence in the Juristic Methodology of Ayatollah Boroujerdi. Quarterly of New Perspectives in Islamic Jurisprudence, 1 (1) 214-235. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22091/RCJL.2023.8904.1012 .

Keywords

Main Subjects

نتیجه

روش اجتهادی محقق بروجردی دارای مؤلفه‌های پرشماری است که برخی از آن‌ها برای نخستین بار در فرایند استنباط، توجه فقیهان شیعه را جلب نموده و پس از ایشان سایر فقیهان و اصولیان بدان توجه کرده و از آن‌ها بهره برده‌اند. آیت‌الله بروجردی بر مبنای شهرت، مسائل فقه را در دودسته (اصول متلقات و تفریعی) جای می‌دهد.

محقق بروجردی در ترجیح مضمونی احادیث به شهرت معتبر بین قدما تکیه می‌کرد؛ البته از میان انواع شهرت، شهرت فتوایی را برمی‌گزید و بر این باور بود که شهرت فتوایی می‌تواند جابر ضعف سند باشد، درحالی‌که سایر گونه‌های شهرت از چنین قوتی برخوردار نیستند. البته این امر بدان معنا نیست که ایشان ارزش شهرت فتوایی را به‌طور مطلق می‌داند؛ چراکه محقق بروجردی معیارهایی را برای پذیرش شهرت فتوایی مشخص کرده ‌است؛ ازجمله:

  1. به لحاظ زمانی تا حوالی عصر شیخ طوسی باشد؛ یعنی مشمول دوره فقه تفریعی نشود؛
  2. در فقه منصوص باشد؛
  3. کاشف از شهرت قدما و متصل به سیره متشرعه باشد. چنین شهرتی از نگاه محقق بروجردی بسیار مغتنم و کاربردی است. نقطه اوج منزلت چنین شهرتی که متعلق به قدما باشد، ازنظر ایشان آن است که نه‌تنها می‌تواند گوی سبقت را از اجماع برباید بلکه می‌تواند هماورد روایت باشد و حتی بر آن مقدم گردد؛ چنان‌که در بحث نماز مسافر از نمونه‌ای از آن را دیدیم.

محقق بروجردی به شهرت بین متأخران نیز عنایت داشته؛ اما در اندازه‌ای که تنها بتواند باعث اطمینان فقیه باشد.

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 December 2022
  • Revise Date: 26 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 11 October 2023

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