Limiting the Mahr : A New Perspective on the Approaches to Its Regulation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1  Assistant Professor, Department of Fiqh and Foundations of Islamic Law, Hakim Toos Institute of Higher Education; Member of the Center for Lawyers, Experts and Official Advisors of the Judiciary, Iran(Corresponding Author); Email:

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Fiqh and Foundations of Islamic Law, Shahid Mahallati Faculty, Qom, Iran;

10.22091/rcjl.2025.11454.1077

Abstract

On the one hand, the stipulation of excessive Mahr amounts and the consequent escalation of the potential costs of marriage, and on the other hand, the increasing rate of divorce and the lack of adequate legal guarantees to secure a woman's entitlement to her Mahr, have prompted some scholars to propose various approaches aimed at limiting the amount of Mahr. In this regard, an examination of Islamic legal sources and statutory provisions indicates that no specific ceiling has been prescribed for Mahr and that the mutual consent of the parties has been recognized as the governing criterion. The present study, which seeks to elucidate the aforementioned approaches, employs a descriptive-analytical method. Data were collected through library-based research and note-taking techniques, and the proposed approaches were subjected to critical analysis. As a general finding, it appears that the adoption of measures such as insurance schemes for homemakers, installment-based housing as an alternative to Mahr, and compulsory Mahr insurance, designed to secure a woman's future in the event of divorce, may reduce the inclination to stipulate excessive Mahr amounts as a means of safeguarding women's rights. Rather, such robust guarantees may come to be regarded as a fundamental mechanism for ensuring the realization of those rights.

Keywords

Main Subjects

نتیجه‌گیری

یکی از راهکارهای تحدید مهریه شرط تنصیف است که می‌تواند از جهتی جلوی طلاق‌های هوس‌مدارانه را بگیرد و از طرف دیگر سبب می‌گردد تا زن با دلگرمی بیشتری نسبت به رسیدن به حقوق خود و عدم نگرانی نسبت به آینده مبهم خویش پس از طلاق احتمالی، به تعیین مهریه سنگین متوسل نگردد. راهکار بعدی بیمه زنان خانه‌دار است که می‌تواند تا حدودی مشکل مهریه‌های سنگین و تشریفاتی را حل کند؛ چرا که می‌توان به وسیله‌ی شرط ضمن عقد، بیمه‌ی زنان خانه‌دار با اقساط کم‌بهره و بلندمدت و با مساعدت دولت را برقرار نمود و مهریه‌های سنگین را عملاً از چرخه خارج ساخت. راهکار دیگر در رابطه با بیمه مهریه است که زوج ملزم باشد تمامی میزان مهریه توافق‌شده را تحت پوشش اجباری قرار دهد.

در راهکار بعدی مسأله‌ی اشتغال زنان در خانه مطرح شده و ساز و کارهای مربوط به آن، نظیر تقبل هزینه‌ی آموزش‌های اولیه برای کسب مهارت در مشاغل خانگی و مواد اولیه‌ی آن توسط مرد تضمین گردد. یکی دیگر از راهکارها ضمانت شخص ثالث است، اما فقط می‌تواند از سوی بستگان درجه یک زوج نظیر والدین وی صورت پذیرد. در راهکار الزام دولت به پرداخت مهریه، واگذاری تعیین مقدار مهریه به دست دیگری و سرایت دادن آن به مجموعه‌ی حاکمیتی، نمی‌تواند آن‌چنان که باید و شاید راهگشا باشد.

اگرچه استفاده از ساز و کارهای فرهنگی در کنار همه‌ی این راهکارها می‌تواند به نهادینه‌کردن فرهنگ تعیین مهریه معقول و ازدواج آسان کمک شایانی نماید، پیشنهادهایی نیز در این زمینه نظیر: مسکن اقساطی جایگزین مهریه، استفاده از وام قرض‌الحسنه‌ی مهریه، تعیین و پرداخت اجرت‌المثل، تشکیل وزارت ازدواج، طرح اجباری آموزش‌های اخلاقی و حقوقی ازدواج برای خانواده‌ها و تصاعدی کردن میزان مالیات بر مهریه، به مقنن ارائه می‌گردد.

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 07 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2025

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