نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی(ره)، تهران، ایران
2 پژوهشگر حوزوی و دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 دانشپژوه سطح 4 حوزه علمیه قم، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In traditional Fiqh and Article 772 of the Iranian Civil Code, the necessity of "Qabz" (possession/taking delivery) is recognized as one of the conditions for the validity or binding nature of a pledge contract (Rahn). This condition, based on physical possession, poses fundamental challenges in the modern economy for the collateralization and pledging of "intangible and incorporeal assets" (such as stocks, intellectual property rights, and receivables). This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method and library-based data collection, examines and critiques the famous jurisprudential arguments regarding the conditionality of Qabz. The article aims to prove that the true essence and primary objective of Rahn is not physical possession, but the realization of "Estithaaq" (providing assurance to the pledgee). Research findings indicate that by invoking "Usul al-Luzoom" (the principle of the binding nature of contracts), the principle of "Qabz kulli shay'in bi-hasabihi" (possession of each thing according to its nature), and also the weakness of the arguments of opponents, there is no reason to exclude intangible assets from the scope of Rahn narrations. Consequently, by replacing the criterion of "realization of Estithaaq" (through novel mechanisms such as official registration) with physical possession, the possibility of pledging intangible assets is established from a jurisprudential perspective. Accordingly, amending Article 772 of the Civil Code and removing the condition of Qabz is proposed to align the legal system with the requirements of the modern economy.
کلیدواژهها [English]