نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری حقوق وفقه جزایی، استاد مدعو دانشگاه قم
2 دانشیار گروه فقه و حقوق جزای دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی، مدرس حوزه علمیه مشهد
3 استادیار بخش حقوق عمومی و بینالملل دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This research addresses the contemporary jurisprudential-legal issue of the conflict between the principle of raf‘ al-qalam (lifting of the pen), which exempts children from criminal responsibility, and the necessity of preserving the human dignity of those harmed by their actions. Social developments and the expansion of cyberspace have meant that behaviors such as qadhf (false accusation of unchastity) and defamation committed by minors can cause serious moral harm to individuals of standing. The fundamental question is how to establish a balance between the criminal exemption of children and the protection of adults' dignity that aligns with religious principles and ensures justice. The research method is descriptive-analytical and library-based, examining jurisprudential sources, statutory laws, and Iranian judicial opinions.
The findings indicate two interpretive approaches to the hadith on raf‘ al-qalam: a broad interpretation suggesting the absolute negation of all responsibilities, and a restrictive interpretation that preserves civil liability. Iranian judicial procedure has affirmed the separation of criminal and civil liability, with jurisprudential rules such as lā ḍarar (no harm) and the priority of ḥaqq al-nās (rights of people) over ḥaqq Allāh (rights of God) strengthening its theoretical basis. Articles 1216 and 1183 of the Iranian Civil Code and Article 7 of the Civil Liability Law provide the legal framework for this distinction.
In conclusion, resolving this contemporary issue necessitates a separation of responsibilities: the child is exempt from criminal punishment, but damages are compensated through their guardian or their own assets. This approach is consistent with jurisprudential-legal principles and, by utilizing disciplinary-ta‘zīrī tools, ensures both the reform of the child and the preservation of the dignity of the harmed parties.
کلیدواژهها [English]